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	<title>TheoFantastique &#187; Christ-figure</title>
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	<description>A meeting place for myth, imagination, and mystery in pop culture.</description>
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		<title>Film Review: I Am Legend, Christ Figures and Literary-Cinematic Relationships</title>
		<link>http://www.theofantastique.com/2008/05/22/film-review-i-am-legend-christ-figures-and-literary-cinematic-relationships/</link>
		<comments>http://www.theofantastique.com/2008/05/22/film-review-i-am-legend-christ-figures-and-literary-cinematic-relationships/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 03:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Christ-figure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I Am Legend]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[One of the publications that I enjoy related to the subject matter of this blog is the Journal of Religion and Film. The film reviews and analysis cover a variety of genres, and they include a fair number of discussionjs related to science fiction and horror. It had been a while since I went to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_F-AvV2C6qGw/SDXoRMdNzwI/AAAAAAAAApQ/KKka8whtJ-Y/s1600-h/i_am_legend_movie_image_will_smith__1_.jpg"><img style="float: left; cursor: hand; margin: 0 10px 10px 0;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_F-AvV2C6qGw/SDXoRMdNzwI/AAAAAAAAApQ/KKka8whtJ-Y/s320/i_am_legend_movie_image_will_smith__1_.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a> One of the publications that I enjoy related to the subject matter of this blog is the <em><a href="http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/vol12no1.htm">Journal of Religion and Film</a></em>. The film reviews and analysis cover a variety of genres, and they include a fair number of discussionjs related to science fiction and horror. It had been a while since I went to the website to see if a new edition had come out, and to my pleasant surprise Vol. 12, No. 1 (April 2008) is now available. As I scanned the contents two items were of interest, both film reviews, one for <em><a href="http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/reviews/pan.htm">Pan&#8217;s Labyrinth</a></em>, and the other for <em><a href="http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/reviews/ILegen.htm">I Am Legend</a></em>. With this post I will share some brief comments on my twofold disagreement with the conclusions of the latter review by Christopher M. Moreman of St. Francis Xavier University.</p>
<p>First, Moreman refers repeatedly to the film&#8217;s main character, Robert Morgan (played by Will Smith), as a Christ-figure. Why, we might ask? Because he attempts to save humanity from the devastation of the virus that has killed the bulk of humanity and turned most of the few remaining survivors into something akin to vampire-zombie hybrids. This sounds like a pretty slim reason to view Morgan as a Christ-figure. Some kind of savior (in non-religious terms) maybe, but more specifically, a Christ-figure? I need more convincing. Moreman does not hesitate to provide further reasons, claiming that Morgan&#8217;s character depicts a &#8220;balant Christ-figuration&#8221; by &#8220;raising the hero to the status of nearly divine savior. Will Smith (displaying the cruciform position in behind-the-neck pull-ups) saves humanity through his blood and sacrifice, allowing not only those who are already free from disease to survive, but providing the hope that those who are ill might themselves be saved and restored to humanity from their horrific, bestial state.&#8221; I&#8217;m afraid I&#8217;m still unimpressed. Smith&#8217;s pull ups appear to be little more than physical exercise for a human being desperately trying to maintain a routine and kill time as the supposedly lone survivor of a viral apocalypse. And this is hardly a &#8220;cruciform position,&#8221; unless of course you read such symbolism into the film. In my view, Moreman&#8217;s review provides yet another example of the unfortunate tendency of many film critics (professional and otherwise) to uncritically read Christ-figures into films, a phenomenon discussed by Christopher Deacy in <em><a href="http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art13-reflectcinematicchrist.html">The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture</a></em>.</p>
<p>As Moreman concludes his review he echoes sentiments expressed by many on the relationship between the film and the Matheson novel upon which it is based. This leads to my second area of disagreement with him that he also connects to the area discussed above. Moreman writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;In short, <em>I Am Legend</em> does not put forth a faithful representation of its literary namesake, either in plot detail or underlying themes. Rather, the film follows on from other film versions in providing an increasingly hopeful ending. In this latest case, the religious (Christian) symbolism is blatantly transparent.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>I&#8217;ve already commented on the alleged Christian symbolism in <em>I Am Legend</em>, and whatever else might be said about it it is hardly &#8220;blatantly transparent.&#8221; Beyond that, while I have the greatest respect and appreciation for Matheson&#8217;s novel, and I would love to see a screen adaptation that is completely faithful to it to add to the cinematic depictions of this great story, I think it is a mistake to connect the success or failure of a movie on how closely it does or does not follow its source material. Most films do not closely follow their literary source material, so why should <em>I Am Legend</em> be considered sub-par because it does what most films do?</p>
<p>Please don&#8217;t mistake my disagreements and grumbling for a lack of appreciation for this publication, or a diversity of opinions on film interpretation. I respect both and I thought I&#8217;d provide my two cents by way of response.</p>
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		<title>Cautious Consideration of Christ-Figures</title>
		<link>http://www.theofantastique.com/2007/03/15/cautious-consideration-of-christ-figures/</link>
		<comments>http://www.theofantastique.com/2007/03/15/cautious-consideration-of-christ-figures/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2007 03:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Christ-figure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christianity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Day the Earth Stood Still]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In a previous post I discussed the notion of alien Messiah or Christ figures that scholars and other commentators have seen in science fiction films. Of course, they have been seen in other genres as well, but my interest for the purposes of this blog is in relation to science fiction and related genres. I [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_F-AvV2C6qGw/Rfm-seWGfMI/AAAAAAAAALM/h9TbYqmbdDA/s1600-h/gort1.jpg"><img style="float: left; cursor: hand; margin: 0 10px 10px 0;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_F-AvV2C6qGw/Rfm-seWGfMI/AAAAAAAAALM/h9TbYqmbdDA/s320/gort1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a>In a previous post I discussed the notion of alien Messiah or Christ figures that scholars and other commentators have seen in science fiction films. Of course, they have been seen in other genres as well, but my interest for the purposes of this blog is in relation to science fiction and related genres.</p>
<div>I have also mentioned how many writers have used <em>The Day the Earth Stood Still</em> (1951) as an example of this phenomenon, such as Anton Karl Kozlovic writing for the <em>Journal of Religion and Popular Culture</em> in an article titled <a href="http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/cyborg.htm">&#8220;From Holy Aliens to Cyborg Saviors: Biblical Subtexts in Four Science Fiction Films.&#8221;</a> However, I have also asked readers whether reassessment of such interpretations was in order. I am especially sensitive to this given my continued research into film studies as they relate to popular culture and theology, possibly as a prelude to future Ph.D. studies in this area. I am also preparing to co-teach a course on &#8220;Faith and Film&#8221; this summer at Salt Lake Seminary, and I want to ensure that I engage in responsible and rigorous scholarship in connection with this.</div>
<div>I have been assisted in rethinking these issues and in developing a more cautious methodology for interpretation through two sources. The first is Gordon Lynch&#8217;s book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Theology-Popular-Culture-Gordon/dp/1405117486"><em>Understanding Theology and Popular Culture</em></a> (Blackwell Publishing, 2005). As Lynch writes:</div>
<blockquote>
<div>&#8220;An adequate dialogue between theology and popular culture thus requires what Michael Dyson has refered to as an &#8216;ethical patience,&#8217; in which the theologian does not make hasty judgments about what they find tasteful or distasteful, or try to impose pre-existing concepts on to popular culture. One example of the latter are books and articles that attempt to identify &#8216;Christ-figures&#8217; in contemporary film. To suggest, however, that Edward Scissorhands or the Preacher in <em>Pale Rider</em> are &#8216;Christ-figures,&#8217; though is to impose Christian symbolism on to these movies in a way that fails to hear what these movies are saying on their own terms. Serious theological reflection on popular culture goes beyond te superficial identification of religious themes and symbolism within it to a more substantial dialogue between cultural texts and practices and wider theological questions and resources&#8221; (p. 38).</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Another helpful resource is an article by Christopher Deacy in the <em>Journal of Religion and Popular Culture</em> titled <a href="http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art13-reflectcinematicchrist.html">&#8220;Reflections on the Uncritical Appropriation of Cinematic Christ-Figures: Holy Other or Wholly Inadequate?&#8221;</a> Deacy questions the appropriateness of a criteria for identifying Christ-figures in film developed by Kozlovic in an article in another issue of the journal. He calls for a new approach to theology-film studies and suggests the following to cinematic interpreters:</div>
<blockquote>
<div>&#8220;Instead of concluding that a film is, or is not, theologically significant because of the perceived presence, or absence, of a Christ-figure motif, the theologian should be much more open to the possibility that a film does not require explicit or overt religious ideas or imagery in order to be amenable to religious or theological interpretations.&#8221;</div>
</blockquote>
<div>And if this is the case perhaps we might also rethink not only the specifics of the Christ-figure (or lack thereof) in film, but other interpretations or emphases related to religion. For example, Douglas Cowan, previously interviewed on this blog on the topic of religion and terror, has submitted a proposal for a presentation at the American Academy of Religion&#8217;s national conference for 2007 with the title &#8220;The Deuteronomic Bargain: Religion, Fear, and <em>The Day the Earth Stood Still</em>.&#8221; In this presentation he will, in part, challenge the dominant Christ-figure interpretation of Klaatu in the film to suggest that this figure more accurately reflects the character of Yahweh in Deuteronomy as recorded in chapter 30.</div>
<div>I hope that other readers will consider the need for evangelicals to reassess their interpretations and the methodologies that we use that lead to our views.</div>
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